Two-cycle internal-combustion engine



G. I. GALL. TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY TI, I9I9.

INVENTR. ComanJ. GALL BY A TTORNEY GALL, Ul*

WWU-CYCLE llllTElltNAL-UMB'USTN Specification of Letters Patent.

Patente ldelom t, ili.

Application tiled July 7, 19l9. Serial No. llll.

.To all who/ml t may cof/cera Be it known that I, GEORGE d. GALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Diego, in the county of San Diego and State of California, have invented a certain new and useful rlwoeCycle internal- Combustion Engine, of which the following is a specification.

lt/ly invention relates to two cycle internal combustion engines more particularly to a means and method of scavenging and supercharging internal combustion engines of either the two cycle constant pressure or the constant volume type, and the objects of my invention are: first, to provide a novel means and method of scavenging two cycle engine cylinders; second, to provide novel means and method of supercharging two cycle internal combustion engines; third, to provide a combinedvmeans and method of scavenging and supercharging twocycle inw ternal combustion engines; fourth, to provide a means and method of operating all the control valves of a two cycle internal Combustion engine hy varying vapor pressure; fifth, to provide a means and method of this class in which the compression pres sure for the cylinder is developed in two stages, the one in the cylinder of a double acting pump operative in connection with the working cylinder and developing pressure by its movement in both directions; sixth, to provide a novel valve actuating mechanism for two cycle internal combustion. engines and seventh, to provide an internal combustion engine of this class which is simple and economical of construction, durable, easy to operate, very efficient in its action and which will not readily deteriorate or get out of order.

'With these and other objects in view as will appear hereinafter., my invention con sists of certain novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts and portions and the methods of scavenging, supercharging and operating the valves of two cycle internal combustion engines as will he hereinafter described in de tail and particularly set forth in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the characters of reference thereon which form a part of this application, in which: i

Figure 1 isalongitudinal sectional view of my internal comliustion engine showing the crank case portion broken away (the crank case structure and its internal worlring parts being no part of my present invention) and showing some of the parts and portions in elevation to facilitate the illustration; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary broken side elevational view at right angle thereto showing portions broken away and in section to facilitate the illustration; Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the middle portion of Fig. 2 showing the exhaust valve actuating pistons positioned at the other end of their stroke and Fig. at is a fragmentary top View of the engine'.

Similar characters of reference refer to similar parts and portions throughout the several views of the drawings.

rlhe working cylinder l, pump cylinder 2,' working piston 3, pump piston portion Il, air inlet valves 5, air inlet valves G, valves 7, valves 8, valve 9, piston rod 10, piston rod guide ll, conductor l2, cylinder 13., pis ton let, spring l5, piston valve cylinder i6, piston valve 17, valve 18, cylinders i9, pistons 19C, piston rods 19a, exhaust valve operating lever 20, exhaust valves 2l and fuel injector 22 constitute the principal parts and portions of my improved engine structure.

My engine generally' speaking is a two diameter cylinder type; the cylinder portion l being the working or operating cylin der and the cylinder 2 which is of' increased diameter is an air pumping or charging' c vlu inder. rll`he pistons 3 and i are preferably integrally connected together and the piston 3 is reciprocally mounted in the cylinder l and the piston t is reciprocally mounted in the cylinder 2. 'lfhe cylinder 'l and the cylinder head are water jaclreted in the con-- ventional manner. Mounted in the sides of the cylinder l and communicating with the cylinder 2 are air inlet ports l which communicate with the interior of said cylinder through the air inlet valves 5 which are positioned in the sides of the cylinders in valve seats 5a secured in said cylinder and said valves are provided with springs il tending to keep them seated and are opened by vacuum formed in the cylinder Q by the out y'ard movement of the piston ll. lilount-- ed in the lower side of the cylinder L is an air inlet valve G which seats on the casing portion it* and is opened hy vacuum formed in the cylinder ft by the inward.

l, ll il compressing the spring 6b .8 which valves are held movement of the piston l in the cylinder 2. Said valve 6 is provided with a stul'llng pox gland 6a surrounding the piston rod l0 and said stalling box gland moves with the valve. which tends to hold the valve closed. The extended end or' the piston rod 10 is guided bv means or a guide member 11, which engages a grooved guide member 1la in the conventional form (this guide structure being ho part of mv present invention.) The pistons 3 and l are hollow chambered pistons adapted to receive the air under pressure from the pumping cylinder 2. the air passing from the lower side of the piston l into the interior of the piston 3 through the valve 9 which is held seated by means of the valve spring 9a and the air passes from the cylinder i from above the piston l through the valves seated bv means or the spring 8a into the piston i3 and passes out into the working cylinder l through the valves 7 at such times as the pressure in the Working cylinder is lower than the pressure of the air in the interior or the working piston 3, the valve springs Ta tending to hold the valves 7 closed.

The exhaust valves 21 are mounted in the head of the cylinder preferably in pairs as shown and are actuated and controlled automatically by the difference in air pressure with the operation of the engine as follows: As the piston 4; moves outwardly in the cylinder 2 and the pressure in the cylinder 2 becomes high enough. :he yiir passes through the conductor l2 into the cylinder 13, exerting pressure on the plunger Li compressing the spring l5 and raising the piston valve 17. The operation or the piston 14 is regulated by means or' a spring l5 supported by a bar 15a which is provided with an adjusting screw l5h which sets against the spring 15. it being desirable to provide adjustment for the required pressure for actuating the piston 14 after the engine has run awhile and developed heat which changes the required pressure. As soon as the piston 3 passes the end of the port l the pressure of combustion in the worlting Jylinder passes into the port lb passing through the valve 18, compressing the spring i8 and into the cylinders 19. through ports i9 controlled by the position of the piston valve i7 which in turn operates the valve operating lever 20, opening the exhaust valves 21.

It will be here noted that the area covered by the pistons 19C is larger than the area covered by the exhaust valves 2l to permit the opening ot' the valves 31. `although the pressure is equal, as the source tor both come from the pressure in the worlting cylinder. t will also be noted that the rocker lever 20 is a double rocker lever as shown best in llig. 4i of the drawings. so that the valves 21 operate in unison, actuated by the pistons 19"'. Mounted in the working cylinder 1 is i tuel niector 22 which is or the ordinary ir conventional tvpe (being no part of my )resent invention i When the exhaust valves :l are opened and the pistons 3 and 4- move u-twardlv on theiroutward stroke the port l. having been uncovered. the valves 21 are ield open bv the exhaust gases trapped in Ahe cylinders L9 bv the valve i8 until such `ime as the pressure is reduced in the cylinler 13. when the piston valve l? recedes and iermits this exhaust gas to pass through the iorts into the open when the valve sprin :la tnoves the pistons down to the lower eng I their strolie as shown in F ig. 3 of the irawings.

f: will be noted that as soon as the pres- ;ure or the exhaust gas in the working cylinler is relieved bv the opening of the ex- .iaust valves :il the air in the piston 3 passes '.hrough the valves i into the working cylinler and moves upward in said cylinder in *plume form is the exhaust gases recede hrough the exhaust valve ports` Though l have shown and described a paricular :onstru-etioh. combination and ar- `:ngement or' parts and portions and methcls or' scavenging, supercharging and operiting valves bv pressure I do not wish to be lmited to this particular construction. com- `iination and arrangement nor said methods :ut desire to include in the purview of my nvention the construction. combination and riangement and methods substantially as -et toi-th in the appended claims.

,t ;s opvious that with this construction 'here is provided a new and novel means and nethod tir' scavenging, supercharging and perating the valves of a two cycle. internal impustion engine that nearly doubles the olume or Aiir :ntrodueed into the working vlinder ind wherepvl air under multiplied `tmosplieric aressure enters the working `vlinder then expands. its pressure decreasng to nearlv `louble atmospheric pressure viiieh s compressed in said cylinder forni- Yng a nigh charge` and that the exhaust gases ire 1creed out through the exhaust valves :21 :iv i pressure Ln volume torni by the new aarge entering. which starts as soon as the Kressure in the interior of the working pis- `on more than the pressure of the exhaust fas 1n the 'vorlring cvlinder. both pressures .ecreasing it :he same rate so that the rings (a ire Iivereome by the pressure .so hat :he new charge enters the cylinder iii olume torm retarded from mixing therevitli sv reason or the aforesaid equal rate 1i iecrease or :he pressure or' the exhaust ases and the pressure of new charge from ne time l enters so that complete scavengig or the worling cylinder is erleeted. and fiat the exhaust valves and actuating iiieans .re actuated and lontrolled by the dillrrence .n pressure caused bv the operation of the llll titl

engine and atmospheric pressure on the opposite sides of said valves and actuated means.

Having thus described my invention what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. ln a 4two cycle, internal combustion engine, a two dimension cylinder, a two dimension piston reciprocally mounted therein provided with an air pressure chamber, pressure actuated valve means in said piston adapted to open and close ports communieating with thesmall diameter cylinder, pressure actuated valves in said piston adapted to open and close the ports on opposite sides ot the large diameter piston and pressure actuated valves adapted to admit air into said cylinder on opposite sides of said large diameter piston.

2. ln a two cycle, internal combustion engine, a two dimension cylinder, a two dimension piston reciprocally mounted therein provided with an air pressure chamber, pressure actuated valve means in said piston adapted to open and close ports communicating with `the small diameter cylinder, pressure actuated valves in said piston adapted to open and close the ports on opposite sides of the large diameter piston, pressure actuated valves adapted to admit air into said cylinder on opposite sides of said large diameter piston, and pressure actuated exhaust valves mounted in the head end of said small diameter cylinders.

3. ln a two cycle, internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a pump cylinder communicating therewith, a piston provided with a working portion and a pumping portion reciprocally mounted therein, pressure actuated valve means mounted in the walls of said cylinder for admitting air into said pumping cylinder on opposite sides of said pumping portion of said piston., pressure actuated valves mounted in said pumping portion for admitting air into the interior ot said piston from either side ci said pumping portion ot the said piston, pressure actuated valve means mounted in said working piston for admitting air into the working cylinder from the interior oi said piston and pressure actuated exhaust valve, means operated by the erhaustgases trom said worlring cylinder and controlled by the pressure in the pump cylinder adapted to permit the passage oi the exhausted products ot com bustion :trom said working cylinders. l

t. ln a two cycle, internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a pump cylinder communicating therewith, a piston provided with a working portion and a pumping portion reciprocally mounted therein, pressure actuated valve means mounted in the walls ot said cylinder for admitting air into said pumping cylinder on opposite sides of said pumping portion ol said piston, pressure actuated valves mounted in said pumping portion for admitting air into the interior of said piston from either side of said pumping portion ofthe said piston, pressure actuated valve means mounted in said working piston for admitting air into the working cylinder from the interior of said piston and pressure actuated exhaust valves operated by the exhaust gases from said working cyliiider controlled by the pressure in the pump cylinder adapted to permit the passage of the exhausted products of combustion from said working cylinder, consisting of pistons operatively connected with said exhaust valves, cylinders in which said pistons are reciprocally mounted provided with ports communicating with the interior of the working cylinder, a piston valve in said port, a trap valve in said port between said piston valve and said working cylinder, a piston secured to the piston rod of said piston valve and a cylinder in which it is reciprocally mounted with a port communieating with the interior of said pump cylinder.

5. The herein described method of scavenging a two cycle engine cylinder consisting in releasing the exhaust products ot' combustion in the working cylinder then as soon as the pressure of a lresh charge is greater than the exhaust products of combustion admitting fresh air into said cylinder in volume form and removing the exhaust products of combustion by reason of the unequal pressure of the incoming and the outgoing charge, then renewing the fresh charge in the working piston to approximately double atmospheric pressure by a pump operating in unison with said working piston.

6. rlhe herein described method oi supercharging and scavenging a two cycle gas engine'cylinder consisting in pumping air into the interior ot the worlring piston upon its outward strolre to nearly double atmospheric pressure, then pumping another charge into said piston upon its inward strolre to nearly tive times atmospheric pressure, then releasing the exhaust products or combustion in the working cylinder, then as soon as the' pressure in the worlring cylinder is reduced to below the pressure ol the supercharge in the pistons admitting said supercharge int/o the cylinder in volume form and removing the exhaust products oit combustion by the varying and decreasing pressure oit both.

'l'. rlhe herein described method oitoperating the exhaust valves oi" a gas engine consisting in pumping air above atmospheric pressure into a cylinder which operates a piston valve9 which opens a port to other cylinders., then when the working piston has reached the end of its outward strolre admitting enhaust products of combustion into said cylinders from the worliini: cylinder which operates pistons connected with ine exhaust valve. then relieving :ne pumping pressure which changes tne port to said eviinder to the atmosphere relieving the 'falve actuating pistons which closes tlie valves.

8. In a tivo cycle internal combustion engine, an operating cylinder. ii pump cylinder communicating therewith. xin operating pbton mounted in said pump cylinder. means for admitting air under pressure into said pump cylinder on either side or said pump pistons and means for admitting air inder pressure into the interior or said operating piston from both sides or said pump piston in said pump cylinder and means tor admitting the air from the interior or said operating piston into the operatingr cylinder vnen the pressure in the operating `:ylinder s reduced to below the pressure in said operating piston.

9. ln a two cycle internal combustion enfine. an operating cylinder` a pump cylinder ommunicatine therewith. an operating pis- "on mounted An said pump cylinder. iiieaiis or idinittinir iir indei` pressure into said unip 'vlinder 'in either side of said puiiip sten. means iol` admitting ail under presire nto ine nteiior of said operating pis- 'on roni ootli sides o1" said pump pistou iii ald )ump rijlinder. means for adiiiiltiiigr iir from the interior of said ope 'ating pison ;nto tlie iperatine; cylinder when llie pressure 1n tiie operating cylinder is reduced 'o oelow line pressure iii said operating pisww"lRGrE J. GALL. 

